مغالطه-کلام من

مُغالِطِه، سَفسَطه یا مَغلَطِه (به پارسی سره: دژفرنود) استدلالی است که از نظر علم منطق نادرست باشد. مغالطه جزئی از برهان است که به طور قابل اثباتی در منطق آن ایراد وجود دارد و بنابراین کل برهان را نامعتبر می‌سازد.

مغالطه ممکن است برای وارونه کردن حقیقت(ها) به کار رود. مغالطه‌گر کسی است که از روی استدلال نادرست به یک نتیجهٔ درست یا نادرست رسیده‌است و ممکن است آن نتیجه را برای نتیجه‌گیری‌های دیگری هم به کار گیرد.

انواع دژفرنود

۱ مغالطه‌های شکلی

۲ مغالطات ابهام

۳ مغالطات عدم دقت برای گمراه‌سازی

۴ مغالطات نقل

۵ مغالطات ادعای بدون استدلال

۶ مغالطات مقام نقد

۷ مغالطات مقام دفاع

۸ مغالطات صوری

۹ مغالطه در استدلال پیش فرض نادرست

۱۰ مغالطه ربطی

۱ مغالطه‌های شکلی

مغالطه‌های شکلی به مغالطه‌هایی گفته می‌شود که در شکل بحث می‌توان آن‌ها را دید، و نیازی به فهمیدن محتوای بحث برای پیدا کردن این نوع مغالطه‌ها نیست.

مغالطه اشتراک لفظ: استفاده از واژه‌هایی که دارای دو یا چند معنا هستند؛ بدون قرینه‌ای که بر معنای موردنظر دلالت کند.

کژتابی یا ابهام ساختاری: به کارگیری جمله‌ای که می‌تواند به دو یا چندگونه بیان و فهمیده شود.

علمی

تاریخ تکاملی زمین!

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کلام من

میروم ازین شهر غبار آلود!

به امید آنکه روباهان بی دندان ناکجا آبادم

دندان مصنوعی نداشته باشند!

زندگانی خویش را آنقدر ابدی فرض نکنیم که فرصت محبت به همدیگر را از دست بدهیم.

ریشه های محبتت را آنقدر در صحرای قلبم فرو بر 

تا

هیچ باد و بارانی آن را برنکند.

شرم سارم از این که آسمان هردویمان آبیست!

what's your idea??

Most of us can learn how to do something simple on our own with just a set of instructions.However,to learn about something more complex,it's always best to have a teacher. 

Teachers  bring with them varied and useful backgrounds .They've been trained to teach individuals in different ways depending on their stile.For instance,some students learn better by discussing a topic.Others learn more by writing about it.Teachers can help students learn in the way that's best for each student.A textbook or manual can only give you one way of learning something.Plus they're only as helpful as your ability to understand them.A good teacher can adapt his teaching to your needs.

teachers help you focus on what you're learning.If you're learning something by yourself.It's easy to become distracted and go on to other activities.Teachers keep your attention on the subjects.They also approach a subject logically,taking it one step at a time.On your own,it's tempting to skip parts of the learning process you think you don't need.That can hinder your ability to really understand the subject.

Learning a subject on your own is a very narrow way of learning.You can only use the information you get from the textbook.With a teacher,you get the information in the written materials as well as the teacher's own knowledge of topic.Teachers can also provide extra materials to broaden the scope of what you're learning.

There is nothing wrong with studying on your own,and a learner can always benefit from some quiet study.for the best possible learning,though,a good teacher is the biggest help you can have and  And nobody can say that I do not need a teacher at all.

what's-your-idea??

There are those who prefer things to stay the same,while there are others who prefer ,change.My personal preference is to establish a routine and stick to it though this has not always been true of me.

??what's your idea

Many high schools,both public and private,require students to wear uniforms.I think that such a policy is an excellent idea because uniforms make things more equal for all students.

First,uniforms make students equal on an economic level.Whit uniforms,students from poor families dress the same as students from rich families(but it cann't change their real life).This can prevent envy and jealousy about stylish clothes.Itcan also encourage students to form friendships based on personality,NOT ONCLOTHES.

Second,uniforms can reduce unequal treatment by teachers .Research suggests that teachers often have higher expectations for more attractive students,which include those students with nicer clothes.This special attention can include providing more challenges and opportunities fore these students.Uniforms help teachers make judgement based on ability,not appearance.

finally it's good for us to wear an uniform at school and cover someones pockets.

??what's your idea

Study habits are a very individual thing.Some people like to study alone,while others like to study with a group.Personally,I'd rather study alone(bot some time I like to study with friends);but I can see advantages to both ways.

It can be very helpful to study with other students.For one thing.U can exchange information about the matter.Not everyone is going to bear every thing the teacher says in class.Comparing notes is a good way to be sure you get what U missed.you can also discuss various aspects of the topic.other students can bring a different perspective to the discussion.They can point out things you may not  have thought of,and help U make your arguments clearer.

study with other students can also help keep you focused on studying.If you're in study group,you have to be at particular place to study at a particular time.The group reviews all the material available and then begins studying.this is good discipline.

Of course,it doesn't help If U are in study group that doesn't take studying seriously.then you'd be much better  off studying by yourself .If you are trying to study with  friends and all they want to do is talk  about other things ,you'd get more done going somewhere to study by yourself.BEING WITH PEOPLE WHO DON'T want to study can mean you'll be constantly distracted.There'll be lots of interruptions,and you won't gain much hearing their points of view on a study subject.

Finally,whether you study alone or in a group depends a lot on your own study habits and on your own personality.If U need absolute quiet to study,U are a very social person&&&so on you'd better study alone.but  don't reject your friend's offer at the first time,maybe you make sad him or her.Examine his offer maybe U could improve your level and it is a  chance for U!